Lithostat^® (acetoyhdroxamic acid)

For the treatment of chronic urea-splitting urinary infections

Lithostat^® enhances the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents to allow an increased cure rate of chronic urea-splitting urinary infections.

About infection stones

Infection calculi (struvite) comprise 5% to 15% of all stones. Because they occur most commonly in those most susceptible to urinary tract infections, women are more commonly affected than are men. Struvite stones (magnesium ammonium phosphate) occur only in association with urinary infection by urea-splitting bacteria.¹

How infection stones are formed

They form in the presence of alkaline urine (pH above 7.2) and in an ammonia-rich environment. The ammonia derives from the splitting of urea by colonization with bacteria that produce urease. Many bacterial organisms are able to produce this enzyme, with Proteus mirabilis the most common.^1,2

Populations at increased risk for infection stones

In addition to women, there are special populations that are at increased risk for infection stones:¹

• The elderly
• Premature infants
• Infants born with congenital urinary tract malformation
• Diabetics
• Patients with urinary stasis as a result of urinary tract obstruction, urinary diversion, or neurologic disorders
• Spinal cord-injured patients (they are at particular risk for both infection and metabolic stones owing to neurogenic urinary tract dysfunction and hypercalciuria related to immobility)

The role of Lithostat^® (acetohydroxamic acid) in treatment

Lithostat^® is indicated as an adjunct to antimicrobial therapy in patients with chronic urea-splitting urinary infection. It is intended to decrease urinary ammonia and alkalinity. Long-term treatment may be warranted to maintain urease inhibition as long as urea-splitting infection is present.

The clinical pharmacology and benefits of Lithostat^®

Lithostat^® reversibly inhibits the bacterial enzyme urease, thereby inhibiting the hydrolysis of urea and production of ammonia in urine infected with urea-splitting organisms. The reduced ammonia levels and decreased pH enhance the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents and allow an increased cure rate of these infections.